David Handel, a retired medical doctor, gives his advice on effective learning:

Using Time Management as a Competitive Advantage
Don’t attend class if it isn’t necessary
Whenever possible, read things only once
To remember what you learn, use flashcards, retrieval practice, and spacing

Other Learning Strategies
Interleaving
Variation
Reflection
Generation
Elaboration

Note: This article is in Medium, which lets you read one article free but otherwise seems to be a subscription magazine.

Scott Young (with Jakub Jilek) has an excellent post called The Complete Guide to Memory. It gives the ways that memory works and also provides general recommendations for applying this understanding in practical ways. A few years back, I linked to a Quora thread on what’s the best way to learn something. It should be interesting to see how the Quora responders match up with Scott’s article.

‘Sleep should be prescribed’: what those late nights out could be costing you is a good article on the effects of sleep loss from The Guardian, explaining how it is linked to “among other things, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity and poor mental health.”

WKU had its first cohort graduate this past Saturday. Lots of speeches from Chinese officials and from the US Consul General. Click on the link to see a video with aspects of WKU and its first cohort: https://youtu.be/v0VDpfosZkQ

Richard Muller, a professor of physics of UC Berkeley, gave a great response on Quora to a question about majoring in the three fields of math, computer science, and physics. He wrote in length about the need to have a variety of skills. It reminds me of Robert Twiggers‘ emphasis on what he calls polymathic synergy (1 and 2). He cited Robert Root-Bernstein on the varied interests of Nobel Laureates:

Almost all Nobel laureates in the sciences actively engage in arts as adults. They are twenty-five times as likely as the average scientist to sing, dance, or act; seventeen times as likely to be a visual artist; twelve times more likely to write poetry and literature; eight times more likely to do woodworking or some other craft; four times as likely to be a musician; and twice as likely to be a photographer.

That’s a pretty big difference.  

Muller says basically the same thing:

To be really productive in your future life, you will need a broad range of skills. You can’t learn them all as an undergraduate; 4 years is way too short. All that can really happen is that you can get a good solid introduction to a wide range of fields, and that will enable you to develop them over the coming decades.

If you triple major, you will not have room in you schedule to take electives in courses that could trigger a life-long learning in the breadth of fields that will likely prove invaluable to your career.

And he adds how his ability to write clearly has helped him in his own career, writing grant proposals, journal articles, and books. In fact, it was his clear writing in a journal that led to Addison Wesley asking him to write a book on the same topic.

Multitasking lowers GPA while increasing study time, according to a new study.

Lots of good tidbits from Shane Parrish at Farnam Street:

“We trained hard, but it seemed that every time we were beginning to form into teams we would be reorganized. I was to learn later in life that we tend to meet any new situation by reorganizing, and what a wonderful method it can be for creating the illusion of progress while producing confusion, inefficiency, and demoralization.” — Petronius Arbiter

“[M]ost of what we say and do is not essential. Eliminate it, you’ll have more time and more tranquility. Ask yourself, is this necessary.” — Marcus Aurelius

The Debunker Club, organized by Will Thalheimer, is focusing on debunking Learning Styles this month and have devoted a page to resources to this end. An excerpt from that page:

Probably today’s most ubiquitous learning myth is that people have different learning styles and that these learning styles can be diagnosed and used in learning design to create more effective learning interventions. This myth has resonated and spread throughout the world’s learning-professional community probably because it hints at an idea that seems sensible — that people learn differently. Unfortunately, there are dozens and dozens of ways to separate people by type, so it’s hard to know which distinctions to use for which learner, for which topics, for which situations. More importantly, the research evidence shows clearly that using learning styles in designing/deploying learning does not reliably improve learning results.

Destin at Get Smarter Every Day shows how an activity as simple as riding a bicycle shows (1) that knowledge doesn’t equal understanding and (2) a person’s difficulty in overcoming cognitive bias. See The Backwards Brain Bicycle.

Over at Quora, there are a variety of responses to the question, What’s the best way to learn something? All together, they make for interesting reading.